Why Focus on Obesity and Insulin Resistance?
Clinical obesity is marked by excess body fat and a high burden of comorbidities. Adipose expansion drives insulin resistance—a diminished cellular response to insulin that feeds into metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and steatotic liver disease.
Adipose tissue is also an endocrine organ. Its secreted adipokines (e.g., leptin) regulate energy balance, yet accumulating fat can blunt leptin’s action, suggesting that additional hormonal “co-factors”—possibly gut-derived—help determine metabolic health.
Body-contouring surgery removes large volumes of subcutaneous fat but its hormonal and metabolic sequelae had never been mapped. The present study fills that gap by tracking gut hormones and adipokines after surgery and asking: Which signals best predict an insulin-sensitive phenotype (ISP)?
Study at a Glance
| Aspect | Details* |
|---|---|
| Design | Prospective cohort, three assessment visits (pre-op, 2–3 wks, 6–10 wks post-op) |
| Participants | 34 at baseline; adults (BMI ≥ 18 kg/m²) undergoing abdominoplasty, body-lift, or thigh-lift; some had prior bariatric surgery |
| Endpoints | ISP = upper tertile of HOMA2 insulin-sensitivity |
| Analytes | GIP, GLP-1, PP, amylin, leptin, LEAP2 (plus spexin) measured in duplicate with <10 % intra-assay CV |
| Statistics | Logistic regression with cluster-robust errors; goodness-of-fit AUC = 0.77 |
What the Team Did
Patients’ body composition (Tanita BIA), fasting glucose/C-peptide, oral-glucose-tolerance curves, and plasma hormones were collected at each visit. Logistic models then identified which variables predicted ISP, while margins plots visualized interactions across hormone strata.
Key Findings
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GIP Dominates the Model
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A 1 pg/mL rise in gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) lowered the odds of being in the insulin-sensitive tertile (OR = 0.993; p = 0.009).
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Margins plots confirmed that ISP probability falls steeply as GIP climbs, whatever the levels of other hormones.
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Modifier Hormones
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Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) buffered the adverse effect of low GIP—higher PP aligned with greater insulin sensitivity.
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Leptin and LEAP2 both weakened the insulin-sensitizing influence of low GIP, reflecting links to leptin resistance and adiposity.
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Fat Mass Not Predictive
Once hormones were included, total body-fat percentage lost significance (OR = 0.965; p = 0.409). This challenges the view that adiposity per se drives postoperative insulin sensitivity. -
Author’s Perspective
“This study demonstrates, for the first time, that GIP, PP, leptin, and LEAP2 are predictors of ISP in humans”.
Why It Matters
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Mechanistic Insight – The work pinpoints gut hormones—not fat mass—as primary modulators of insulin action after surgical fat removal, reframing how we interpret post-operative metabolic shifts.
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Therapeutic Direction – Because GIP antagonism improved insulin sensitivity in multiple mouse models, targeting GIP or boosting PP could be exploited to enhance metabolic outcomes in humans.
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Patient Stratification – Simple hormone panels may out-perform body-composition metrics for identifying insulin-sensitive vs. insulin-resistant obese phenotypes, aiding personalized follow-up after plastic or bariatric surgery.
Practical Implications for Researchers
| Research Avenue | Rationale |
|---|---|
| Pharmacologic GIP blockade post-surgery | Mouse data plus current human association suggest benefit; clinical trials can validate efficacy and safety. |
| PP analog development | PP enhanced insulin sensitivity when GIP was low; engineered PP mimetics may complement existing incretin therapies. |
| Leptin/LEAP2 interaction studies | Dissecting how these hormones modulate GIP pathways could uncover combinatorial targets for insulin resistance. |
| Longer follow-up cohorts | The present sample was moderate in size; replication with larger, multi-ethnic cohorts will test robustness. |
Limitations Acknowledged by the Authors
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Moderate sample size and short follow-up.
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Observational design precludes firm causality.
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Hormone assays limited to seven analytes; other gut factors may contribute.
Take-Home Message
In patients undergoing body-contouring surgery, a quartet of gut-derived hormones—GIP, PP, leptin, and LEAP2—outclass body-fat metrics as predictors of postoperative insulin sensitivity. By shifting attention from adiposity to endocrine crosstalk, the study opens new paths for metabolic intervention and underscores the complexity of obesity beyond mere fat quantity.
The translation of the preceding English text in Arabic:
Reference:
Mohamed Badie Ahmed, Abdella M. Habib, Saif Badran, Abeer Alsherawi, Sherouk Essam Elnefaily, Mansour Binfayed, Atalla Hammouda, Graeme E. Glass, Ibrahem Abdalhakam, Humam Emad Rajha, Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra, Suhail A. Doi
Hormonal predictors of the insulin sensitive phenotype in humans.
Biomol Biomed [Internet]. 2025 Apr. 7 [cited 2025 Jul. 15];
Available from: https://www.bjbms.org/ojs/index.php/bjbms/article/view/12210
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Editor: Merima Hadžić
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